The Study of Impact of Immigrant Workers on The Wages Rate Working Hour and of Informal Labor
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purposes of this research were to 1) study the effects of migrant workers on the average wage rate of migrant workers and 2) study the effects of migrant workers on the working hours of informal workers. This study was quantitative research using secondary data at an individual level from the 2015 and 2019 Systematic Labor Surveys. The General Least Force Estimate (GLS) was used to illustrate the impact on average wages and hours worked by non-employee systems. It was found that 1) males aged 36–59 years old were married with elementary education level working in agriculture affected by the average wage rate and informal workers who live in migrant-intensive areas will have an impact on the average wage rate is low; working in the agricultural sector will have a huge impact on working hours; and in areas with heavy migrant workers, working hours are reduced. This will encourage more work and will lead to health problems Informal workers are a group of workers without social security. Therefore, relevant agencies should have a policy to promote logging. To access welfare at work and health and to promote the skill enhancement of informal workers in all sectors of production.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Views and opinions appearing in the Journal it is the responsibility of the author of the article, and does not constitute the view and responsibility of the editorial team.
References
Borjas, G.J. (2005). Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration. The Journal of Human Resources, 419(2), 223-258. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/gborjas/files/jhr2006.pdf
Bratsberg, B., & Raaum, O. (2012). Immigration and Wages: Evidence from Construction. The Economic Journal, 122, 1177-1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02540.x
Bryant, J., & Rukumnuaykit, P. (2013). The Labour Market Impacts of Immigration to Developing Countries: Evidence from a Registration Campaign in Thailand. The Journal of Development Studies, 49(6), 785-800. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.720367
Card, D. (2001). Immigrant Inflows, Native Outflows, and the Local Market Impacts of Higher Immigration. Journal of Labor Economics, 19(1), 22-64. https://doi.org/10.1086/209979
Delgado-Prieto, L. (2021). Immigration, Wages, and Employment under Informal Labor Markets[Research reports, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid].
Dustmann, C., Schönberg, U., & Stuhler, J. (2016). The Impact of Immigration: Why Do Studies Reach Such Different Results?. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(4), 31-46.
Foreign Workers Administration Office. (2019). Migrant Situation Report. Department of Employment.
Freitas, D. (1991). Inequality at Work: Hispanics in the U.S. Labor Force. Oxford University Press.
Good, M. (2013). Do immigrant outflows lead to native inflows? An empirical analysis of the migratory responses to US state immigration legislation. Applied Economics, 45(30), 4275–4297. DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2013.786802
Informal Labour Protection Division. (2014). Knowledge of Labor Protection in Agriculture. Ministry of Labour.
Informal Labour Protection Division. (2017). Knowledge of Labor Protection in Agriculture. Ministry of Labour.
Institute of Asian Studies, Chulalongkorn University. (2013). Effects Of Migrant Workers on The Economy And Society in Thailand. Chulalongkorn University.
International Labor Organization. (2022). Working and Employment Conditions in the Agriculture Sector in Thailand: A Survey of Migrants Working on Thai Sugarcane, Rubber, Oil-Palm and Maize Farms. Research and Publications.
Jongmuenwai, S. (2011). Safety and Health Protection for The Informal Sector: A study of Agricultural Workers[Master’s Thesis, Dhurakij Pundit University].
Kulkolkarn, K., & Potipiti, T. (2007). Migration, Wages and Unemployment in Thailand. Chulalongkorn Journal of Economics, 19(1), 1-22. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/saje/article/view/100212/77863
Kulkolkarn, K. (2010). The impacts of immigration on internal migration and industry composition in Thailand. Thammasat Economic Journal, 28(4), 29-61. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TER/article/view/137382/102267
National Statistical Office. (2019). The Informal Employment Survey. National Statistical Office.
Ngandee, N., & Phutthawong. R. (2013). Labor Force Participation, Income, And Working Hour Of Thai Labors. CMU. Journal Of Economics, 17(1), 21-42. https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/CMJE/article/view/61054/50304
Nimchaiyanan, C., & Osathanankul. R. (2013). Gender wage discrimination in various regions of Thai labor market. CMU Journal of Economics, 17(1), 43-71. https://so01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/CMJE/article/view/61138/50380
Office of The National Economic and Social Development Council. (2020). Poverty and Inequality Report 2020. Office of The National Economic and Social Development Council. https://www.nesdc.go.th/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=11972
Pedace, R. (2006). Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native-Born Workers. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 65(2), 313-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2006.00453.x
Reed, S.O., Ogando, A.C., Tulaphan, S.T., Samantrakul, C., & Towakulpanich, P. (2017). Informal Workers in Bangkok, Thailand: Scan of Four Occupational Sectors. WIEGO and Home Net Thailand. https://www.wiego.org/sites/default/files/resources/files/Reed-Informal-Workers-Bangkok-Thailand-Four-Sectors-Eng.pdf
Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (3rd ed.). Batoche Books.
Russell-Jenkins, J. (2013). What Is the Effect of Immigration on Wages in The United States? A Reexamination of Borjas’ Education-Experience Fixed-Effects Model[Master’s Thesis, Georgetown University].
Sae Tang, C. (2013). A Solution to the Problem of Shortage of Skilled and Unskilled Labor in the Thai Construction Industry[Research papers, National Defence College].
Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI). (2010, September). The Impact of Employing Thai Migrant Workers Under the Era Proof of Nationality. TDRI report, 86. http://tdri.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/wb86.pdf