The Spacing Effect on free Recall of Concrete and Abstract Nouns of Undergraduate Students at Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University
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Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the spacing effect on free recall of concrete and abstract nouns and to compare the free recall of concrete to that of the abstract nouns of Undergraduate students. The subject consisted of thirty volunteer students from Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University.
In this study, there were two independent variables being studied : concrete and abstract nouns, and four lags. There were 0, 8, 16 and 32 words intervening (or lags 0, 8, 16 and 32) between the first and second presentations. The materials used in this experiment were the sets of concrete and abstract nouns which were two-syllabled words in Thai. In this experiment, the lists of concrete and abstract nouns were presented to each subject one by one on a projector. After the lists of words presentation was complete, the subject had 10 minutes for each list to write as many words as they could recall, but not the order of words, on the answer sheet. The collected data then were analyzed through the applications of analysis of variance for within subjects : two-way experimental design with replications and the Newman - Keules test.
The results were as follows :
- The total scores of different lags were found to be differed at the .01 level of significance. The scores of different lags of the concrete nouns were not found to be differed. But the means of lag 32, lag 16 and lag 8 were higher than that of lag 0 in the abstract nouns. This indicated that the spacing effect was found in the abstract nouns.
- The total scores of the concrete and abstract nouns were found to be differed at the .01 level of significance. The mean score of the concrete nouns (= 3.183) was higher than the abstract (= 2.350)
- No interaction was found between both concrete and abstract nouns and the four lags.
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References
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