การเมืองว่าด้วยพรรคการเมืองของเกาหลีใต้ในยุคหลังสามคิม: ความเปลี่ยนแปลงและความต่อเนื่อง
Article Sidebar
เผยแพร่แล้ว:
ก.ค. 1, 2021
คำสำคัญ:
การเมืองว่าด้วยพรรคการเมือง เกาหลีใต้ ยุคหลังสามคิม ภูมิภาคนิยม
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
ตลอดช่วงเวลากว่าสิบห้าปีหลังการเปลี่ยนผ่านไปสู่ประชาธิปไตย การเมืองเกาหลีใต้ได้อยู่ภายใต้การครอบงำของนักการเมืองผู้ทรงอิทธิพลสามคน ได้แก่ คิมยองซัม คิมแดจุง และคิมจองพิล การเมืองว่าด้วยพรรคการเมืองในยุคสามคิมนี้มักจะถูกให้ภาพว่าเป็นจุดอ่อนของกระบวนการสร้างความมั่นคงและยั่งยืนให้กับประชาธิปไตย และได้ทิ้งมรดกอันไม่พึงประสงค์ไว้หลากหลายประการ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นการครอบงำพรรคการเมืองโดยผู้ทรงอิทธิพล ระดับการพัฒนาสถาบันการเมืองของพรรคการเมืองที่ค่อนข้างต่ำ และภูมิภาคนิยม โดยคุณลักษณะบางประการเหล่านี้เป็นสิ่งที่ตกทอดมาตั้งแต่ยุคเผด็จการอำนาจนิยม ภายใต้บริบทเงื่อนไขดังกล่าว บทความนี้ต้องการที่จะทดสอบพลวัตของการเมืองว่าด้วยพรรคการเมืองในเกาหลีใต้ในยุคหลังสามคิม บทความนี้ได้ตั้งข้อถกเถียงไว้ว่า ขณะที่มีการแสดงสัญญาณของความเปลี่ยนแปลงในแง่มุมของอิทธิพลของผู้ทรงอิทธิพลในพรรคการเมืองที่เสื่อมคลายลง การเพิ่มขึ้นของระดับการพัฒนาสถาบันการเมือง และความเด่นชัดของการแบ่งขั้วบนฐานของอุดมการณ์ทางการเมืองระหว่างพรรคอนุรักษนิยมและพรรคหัวก้าวหน้า แต่ภูมิภาคนิยมยังคงดำรงอยู่เป็นคุณลักษณะสำคัญของการเมืองว่าด้วยพรรคการเมืองในเกาหลีใต้ในยุคหลังสามคิม
Article Details
How to Cite
บท
บทความวิจัย
References
นิธิ เนื่องจำนงค์, “การเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎรครั้งที่ 20 ในเกาหลีใต้และนัยที่มีต่อภูมิภาคนิยม,” International Journal of East Asian Studies, ปีที่ 21, ฉบับที่ 1 (2560), 63-83.
Brady, D. and Mo, J. (1992). Electoral systems and institutional choice: A case study of the 1988 Korean elections. Comparative Political Studies, 24, 4, 405-429.
Choi, J.J. (2005). Democracy after Democratization: The Korean Experience. Seoul: Humanitas.
Croissant, A. (2001). South Korea. In D. Nohlen, F. Grotz and C. Hartmann (Eds.), Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A data handbook Vol. II (pp. 411-480). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hahm, C. B. (2008). South Korea’s miraculous democracy. Journal of Democracy, 19, 3, 128-142.
Hahm, C. B. and Rhyu, S. Y. (1999). Democratic reform and consolidation in South Korea: The promise of democracy. In C.I. Moon and J. Mo (Eds.), Democratization and globalization in Korea: Assessments and prospects (pp. 69-88). Seoul: Yonsei University Press.
Han, S. M. (2004). The new community movement: Park Chung Hee and the making of state populism in Korea. Pacific Affairs, 77, 1, 66-93.
Han, Y. C. (1969-70). Political parties and political development in South Korea. Pacific Affairs, 42, 4, 446-464.
Hellmann, O. (2011). Political parties and electoral strategy: The development of party organization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hellmann, O. (2011). A historical institutionalist approach to political party organization: The case of South Korea. Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 46, 4, 464-484.
Heo, U. and Stockton, H. (2005). The impact of democratic transition on elections and parties in South Korea. Party Politics, 11, 6, 674-688.
Im, H. B. (1989). Politics of transition: Democratic transition from authoritarian rule in South Korea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, Illinois.
Im. H. B. (2004). Faltering democratic consolidation in South Korea: Democracy at the end of the ‘three Kims’ era. Democratization, 11, 5, 179-198.
Kang, W. T. (2020). Thirty years of party politics in South Korea after democratization: From mass-mobilizing parties to by-stander parties. In H. Mosler (Ed.), South Korea’s democracy challenge: Political system, political economy and political society (pp. 67-84). Berlin: Peter Lang.
Kil, S. H. (2001). Development of Korean politics—A historical profile. In S. H. Kil and C. I. Moon. (Eds), Understanding Korean politics: An introduction (pp. 33-69). New York: State University of New York Press.
Kim, B. K. (2000). Party politics in South Korea’s democracy: The crisis of success. In L. Diamond and B. K. Kim (Eds.), Consolidating democracy in South Korea (pp. 53-85). Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Kim, C. N. (2007). The Korean presidents: Leadership for nation building. Newark: Eastbridge.
Kim, H. N. (1989). The 1988 parliamentary election in South Korea. Asian Survey, 29, 5, 480-495.
Kim, K. S. (1967). Political parties and party politics in Korea. Korea Journal, 7, 6, 4-21.
Kim, Y. M. (2011). The politics of coalition in Korea: Between institutions and culture. London: Routledge.
Klingner, B. (2007). South Korea’s mercurial political landscape. The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2068.
Kwon, K. D. (2004). Regionalism in South Korea: Its origin and role in her democratization. Politics and Society, 32, 4, 545-574.
Laakso, M. and Taagepera, R. (1979). The effective number of parties: A measure with application to West Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 12, 3, 3-27.
Lee, J. H. (2016). A study on the party system in South Korea after democratization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Lim, S. (2011). Political parties and party system in Korea after democratization: Cartelized party system and oscillation between two models. In L. F. Lye and W. Hofmeister (Eds.), Political parties, party system and democratization in East Asia (pp. 211-241). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Mobrand, E. (2019). Top-down democracy in South Korea. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Park, B. G. (2003). Territorialized party politics and the politics of local economic development: State-led industrialization and political regionalism in South Korea. Political Geography, 22, 811-839.
Park, C. W. (2014). The national assembly in democratized Korea: Marching to the center from the margins of policy stage? In Y. Zheng, L.L. Fook and W. Hofmeister (Eds.), Parliaments in Asia (pp. 185-206). London: Routledge.
Park, K. M. (2010). Party mergers and splits in new democracies: The case of South Korea (1987-2007). Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 45, 4, 531-552.
Park T. G. (2006). U bangkwa chekuk, hanmikwangye et tushinhwa (An ally and empire: Two myths of South Korea-United States relations, 1945-1980). Seoul: Changbi Publishers.
Shim, C. Y. (2017). Hankuk jongdang jongchisa (History of political party in Korea). Seoul: Paeksansodang.
Shim, J. Y. and Kim, M. G. (2001). Yeokdea kukwhaieuiwon seongeogu whaikjungae daehan pyungga. [Apportionment and political fairness in Korean National Assembly elections]. Korean Political Science Review, 35, 1.
Steinberg, D. and Shin, M. (2005). From entourage to ideology? Tensions in South Korean political party in transition. East-West Center Working Paper Politics, Governance and Security Series, No. 9.
Vincent, S. (2017). Dominant party adaptation to the catch-all model: A comparison of former dominant parties in Japan and South Korea. East Asia, 34, 197-215.
Wong, J. (2014). South Korea’s Weakly Institutionalized Party System. In Allen Hicken and Erik Kuhonta Martinez (Eds.), Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies and the Shadow of the Past. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brady, D. and Mo, J. (1992). Electoral systems and institutional choice: A case study of the 1988 Korean elections. Comparative Political Studies, 24, 4, 405-429.
Choi, J.J. (2005). Democracy after Democratization: The Korean Experience. Seoul: Humanitas.
Croissant, A. (2001). South Korea. In D. Nohlen, F. Grotz and C. Hartmann (Eds.), Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A data handbook Vol. II (pp. 411-480). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hahm, C. B. (2008). South Korea’s miraculous democracy. Journal of Democracy, 19, 3, 128-142.
Hahm, C. B. and Rhyu, S. Y. (1999). Democratic reform and consolidation in South Korea: The promise of democracy. In C.I. Moon and J. Mo (Eds.), Democratization and globalization in Korea: Assessments and prospects (pp. 69-88). Seoul: Yonsei University Press.
Han, S. M. (2004). The new community movement: Park Chung Hee and the making of state populism in Korea. Pacific Affairs, 77, 1, 66-93.
Han, Y. C. (1969-70). Political parties and political development in South Korea. Pacific Affairs, 42, 4, 446-464.
Hellmann, O. (2011). Political parties and electoral strategy: The development of party organization in East Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hellmann, O. (2011). A historical institutionalist approach to political party organization: The case of South Korea. Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 46, 4, 464-484.
Heo, U. and Stockton, H. (2005). The impact of democratic transition on elections and parties in South Korea. Party Politics, 11, 6, 674-688.
Im, H. B. (1989). Politics of transition: Democratic transition from authoritarian rule in South Korea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Chicago, Illinois.
Im. H. B. (2004). Faltering democratic consolidation in South Korea: Democracy at the end of the ‘three Kims’ era. Democratization, 11, 5, 179-198.
Kang, W. T. (2020). Thirty years of party politics in South Korea after democratization: From mass-mobilizing parties to by-stander parties. In H. Mosler (Ed.), South Korea’s democracy challenge: Political system, political economy and political society (pp. 67-84). Berlin: Peter Lang.
Kil, S. H. (2001). Development of Korean politics—A historical profile. In S. H. Kil and C. I. Moon. (Eds), Understanding Korean politics: An introduction (pp. 33-69). New York: State University of New York Press.
Kim, B. K. (2000). Party politics in South Korea’s democracy: The crisis of success. In L. Diamond and B. K. Kim (Eds.), Consolidating democracy in South Korea (pp. 53-85). Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Kim, C. N. (2007). The Korean presidents: Leadership for nation building. Newark: Eastbridge.
Kim, H. N. (1989). The 1988 parliamentary election in South Korea. Asian Survey, 29, 5, 480-495.
Kim, K. S. (1967). Political parties and party politics in Korea. Korea Journal, 7, 6, 4-21.
Kim, Y. M. (2011). The politics of coalition in Korea: Between institutions and culture. London: Routledge.
Klingner, B. (2007). South Korea’s mercurial political landscape. The Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2068.
Kwon, K. D. (2004). Regionalism in South Korea: Its origin and role in her democratization. Politics and Society, 32, 4, 545-574.
Laakso, M. and Taagepera, R. (1979). The effective number of parties: A measure with application to West Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 12, 3, 3-27.
Lee, J. H. (2016). A study on the party system in South Korea after democratization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Lim, S. (2011). Political parties and party system in Korea after democratization: Cartelized party system and oscillation between two models. In L. F. Lye and W. Hofmeister (Eds.), Political parties, party system and democratization in East Asia (pp. 211-241). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Mobrand, E. (2019). Top-down democracy in South Korea. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Park, B. G. (2003). Territorialized party politics and the politics of local economic development: State-led industrialization and political regionalism in South Korea. Political Geography, 22, 811-839.
Park, C. W. (2014). The national assembly in democratized Korea: Marching to the center from the margins of policy stage? In Y. Zheng, L.L. Fook and W. Hofmeister (Eds.), Parliaments in Asia (pp. 185-206). London: Routledge.
Park, K. M. (2010). Party mergers and splits in new democracies: The case of South Korea (1987-2007). Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 45, 4, 531-552.
Park T. G. (2006). U bangkwa chekuk, hanmikwangye et tushinhwa (An ally and empire: Two myths of South Korea-United States relations, 1945-1980). Seoul: Changbi Publishers.
Shim, C. Y. (2017). Hankuk jongdang jongchisa (History of political party in Korea). Seoul: Paeksansodang.
Shim, J. Y. and Kim, M. G. (2001). Yeokdea kukwhaieuiwon seongeogu whaikjungae daehan pyungga. [Apportionment and political fairness in Korean National Assembly elections]. Korean Political Science Review, 35, 1.
Steinberg, D. and Shin, M. (2005). From entourage to ideology? Tensions in South Korean political party in transition. East-West Center Working Paper Politics, Governance and Security Series, No. 9.
Vincent, S. (2017). Dominant party adaptation to the catch-all model: A comparison of former dominant parties in Japan and South Korea. East Asia, 34, 197-215.
Wong, J. (2014). South Korea’s Weakly Institutionalized Party System. In Allen Hicken and Erik Kuhonta Martinez (Eds.), Party System Institutionalization in Asia: Democracies, Autocracies and the Shadow of the Past. New York: Cambridge University Press.