An Analysis of Maslow’s Concept of Human’s Needs Through a Buddhist Perspective

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the Maslow's concept of human’s needs though a Buddhist perspective and dealing with the mentioned needs. The results revealed as follows. Human needs in Maslow's theory is not all craving (Tanhà), this concept focuses on self-improvement, which begins with passion (Chanda) and finally becomes craving (Tanhà). However, the methods of meeting the needs of Maslow are regarded as self-expanding, leading to suffering according to Buddhism perspective. The goal of Maslow's needs is based on secular happiness. It's the kind of happiness that ordinary human beings want, the mentioned idea is consistent with the principle of Dittha–dhammikattha of Attha (Benefit 3). Human beings can attain welfare and happiness of their present life by diligently earning wealth honestly, knowing how to keep wealth, having good friends and living life accordingly. Not only that In Buddhism, Humans are able to develop themselves or their desires to be happy at a higher and more valuable level. It is the joy of peace of mind according to the principle of Samparayikattha by practicing with faith and precepts according to Buddhism. Developing Yonisomanasikara (wise consideration) allows humans to see the true nature things, which can prevent their mental distress, leading to the cessation of all desires and suffering which is Nirvana (true happiness according to the principle of Paramattha). In daily life, humans should respond appropriately/sufficiently their basic needs and develop Chanda as much as possible. They have to try to decrease and convert Tanhà into Chanda. Importantly, individuals should have "consciousness" in order to be aware of their needs which may increase. Moreover, "Doctrines of Buddha” is considered important to direct humans’ lives to achieve supreme happiness.