Kamanita-Vasitthi: A Psychoanalytic and Buddhist Psychological Study

Abstract

This article analyzes the behavior of the characters in the novel Kamanit, with the objectives of 1) reinterpreting the text through psychoanalytic theory, Buddhist psychology, and general psychology; 2) disseminating knowledge for the study and reading of this literary work; and 3) preserving its value for society. The analysis reveals that being born as a human is the starting point of suffering. The major causes of suffering include love, not obtaining what one desires, and separation from loved ones, as well as the expectation of ultimate happiness in the future, particularly the hope of being reborn and experiencing happiness in heaven. It is also found that suffering stems from the power of the unconscious mind, referred to as the id. Because the id becomes dominant, especially in matters of love, it lacks the regulation of rational thought associated with the conscious and preconscious mind, namely the ego. As a result, the id drives the characters to exhibit various behaviors. However, when experiencing intense suffering, humans tend to employ psychological mechanisms to protect themselves and to continue living. Kamanit and Vasishthi both suffer deeply from love. The power of the id rises uncontrollably, beyond the regulation of the ego and superego. Vasishthi chooses to turn to the Buddha and seeks healing through the Dharma. She is thus able to transcend the suffering of samsara and attain Nirvana. In the end, she also helps Kamanit escape the “bond of sensual desire” and reach Nirvana as well.