แรงจูงใจและบทบาทของพ่อแม่เพื่อสร้างความรักการอ่านในเด็กเล็ก (Motivation and parents’ roles in cultivating a love for reading in young children)
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Abstract
การอ่านเป็นพื้นฐานของชีวิต และเป็นพื้นฐานของความสำเร็จในด้านต่าง ๆ งานวิจัยจำนวนมากได้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกในด้านการอ่านกับการประสบความสำเร็จในการเรียนและการประกอบอาชีพ จึงเป็นสิ่งที่คุ้มค่าที่พ่อแม่ควรจะพยายามส่งเสริมให้เด็กเกิดความรักการอ่านตั้งแต่เด็กปฐมวัย อย่างไรก็ตาม ไม่ใช่ว่าเด็กทุกคนจะพัฒนาความรักการอ่านขึ้นมาได้เอง และการโน้มน้าวให้เด็กปฐมวัยเห็นความสำคัญของการอ่านอาจเป็นเรื่องยาก พ่อแม่จึงควรมีบทบาทเชิงรุกเพื่อจูงใจเด็กให้สนใจการอ่าน แต่เหตุผลหรือตัวแปรใดที่ทำให้ความพยายามของพ่อแม่และคุณภาพในการจูงใจและมีส่วนร่วมในกิจกรรมการอ่านกับเด็กจึงแตกต่างกันในแต่ละครอบครัว บทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อทบทวนการศึกษาและงานวิจัยต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวกับบทบาทของพ่อแม่และความสำคัญของการอ่าน ทฤษฎีแรงจูงใจซึ่งขับเคลื่อนการกระทำของบุคคล ทฤษฎีความคาดหวังและการให้คุณค่าในสิ่งที่ทำ ซึ่งมีอิทธิพลต่อบทบาทและวิธีการของพ่อแม่ที่จะทำให้เด็กเกิดความรักการอ่าน การศึกษาในบทความนี้ชี้ให้เห็นว่าแรงจูงใจของพ่อแม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับความคาดหวังของพ่อแม่และมุมมองการให้คุณค่าในสิ่งที่ทำ ทำให้บทบาท พฤติกรรม วิธีการ ความพยายาม และคุณภาพในการมีส่วนร่วมในกิจกรรมการอ่านของพ่อแม่แตกต่างกัน พ่อแม่มีบทบาทสำคัญในการจูงใจนักอ่านเด็ก เมื่อเด็กเกิดแรงจูงใจในการอ่านเพิ่มขึ้น จะส่งผลให้เด็กสามารถกำกับการอ่านได้ด้วยตนเองโดยไม่ต้องถูกบังคับ
Reading is a fundamental aspect of life and a cornerstone of success in various domains. Numerous research studies have shown a positive correlation between reading and success in education and careers. Therefore, it is worthwhile for parents to instill a love for reading in children from an early age. However, not all children can naturally develop an affinity for reading, and instilling the importance of reading in young children can be challenging. Thus, parents play a proactive role in nurturing children’s reading habits. Yet, the reasons or variables that contribute to parental efforts and the quality of their involvement in reading activities with children can vary among families. This article aims to review diverse research on parents’ role and the significance of reading. It also delves into motivation theories that drive individual actions, encompassing expectancy theory and valence theory. These theories influence the roles and strategies parents employ to foster a love for reading in children. The article also highlights that parental motivation is related to parental expectations and perspectives on the value of their actions. These factors influence parental roles, behaviors, strategies, efforts, and the quality of their participation in reading activities. Parents’ involvement is crucial in motivating young readers. As children develop an intrinsic motivation to read, they become more capable of self-regulating their reading habits without coercion.
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