Legal Problems Regarding the Imposition of Criminal for Controlling the Occupation or Business of Foreigners that are Reserved for Thai People
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Abstract
This research aims to: 1) analyze legal issues regarding criminal penalties for foreigners engaging in occupations or businesses reserved for Thai citizens; 2) compare Thai and foreign laws concerning such penalties; and 3) propose solutions to these legal issues. This qualitative study involves data collection from books, articles, theses, research reports, and related documents. The findings indicate that, compared to foreign jurisdictions, three Thai laws—the Immigration Act, B.E. 2522 (1979), the Royal Decree Prescribing Occupations and Professions Prohibited for Foreigners, B.E. 2522 (1979), and the Emergency Decree on Non-Thais' Working Management, B.E. 2560 (2017)—impose penalties that are disproportionate to the impact on Thai workers, the economy, and crime rates. Furthermore, current criminal penalties lack sufficient deterrence compared to stricter foreign regulations. Therefore, Thai law should be amended to increase fines and imprisonment for foreigners, employers, and business owners who violate the regulations. Additionally, re-entry bans should be clearly defined to prevent recidivism and protect the national economy.
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