แนวคิดว่าด้วยศาลรัฐธรรมนูญของ ฮันส์ เคลเซ่น
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มิ.ย. 28, 2021
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ฮันส์ เคลเซ่น ความคิดทางรัฐธรรมนูญ ศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ ระบบยุติธรรมทางรัฐธรรมนูญ การทบทวนความชอบด้วยรัฐธรรมนูญ
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บทคัดย่อ
บทความนี้มุ่งชี้ให้เห็นถึงคุณูปการของ ฮันส์ เคลเซ่น ในฐานะนักวิชาการผู้นำเสนอแนวคิดทางรัฐธรรมนูญที่เป็นฐานรองรับการพัฒนาระบบยุติธรรมทางรัฐธรรมนูญดังปรากฏในปัจจุบัน อิทธิพลทางความคิดของเคลเซ่นที่มีต่อการออกแบบระบบการตรวจสอบความชอบด้วยรัฐธรรมนูญของกฎหมายแบบยุโรป เริ่มต้นจากการเข้าไปมีส่วนร่วมยกร่างรัฐธรรมนูญออสเตรียในปี 1920 ซึ่งเคลเซ่นเป็นผู้จัดทำบทบัญญัติในส่วนที่ว่าด้วยระบบการทบทวนตรวจสอบความชอบด้วยรัฐธรรมนูญของกฎหมายโดยศาลรัฐธรรมนูญ แนวความคิดทางรัฐธรรมนูญของเคลเซ่นมีลักษณะสำคัญอยู่ที่ความเข้าใจเรื่องรัฐในฐานะระเบียบของบรรทัดฐานทางกฎหมายชุดหนึ่งซึ่งมีการจัดโครงสร้างเป็นลำดับชั้น ความสัมพันธ์กันระหว่างบรรทัดฐานที่เหนือกว่ากับบรรทัดฐานที่ต่ำลงมา รัฐธรรมนูญในฐานะบรรทัดฐานสูงสุดที่วางกฎเกณฑ์เกี่ยวกับเนื้อหาของบรรทัดฐานทางกฎหมายทั่วไปทั้งหมด ตลอดจนหลักประกันรัฐธรรมนูญ กล่าวได้ว่า ตัวแบบระบบการยุติข้อพิพาททางรัฐธรรมนูญแบบยุโรปที่แพร่หลายไปทั่วโลกในปัจจุบันนั้น ก่อรูปขึ้นบนฐานของกรอบความคิดว่าด้วยระบบยุติธรรมทางรัฐธรรมนูญของเคลเซ่น
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References
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Langford, Peter, Ian Bryan, and John McGarry, eds. Kelsenian Legal Science and the Nature of Law. Dordrecht: Springer, 2017.
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21. Öhlinger, Theo. "The Genesis of the Austrian Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation." Ratio Juris 16, no. 2 (2003): 206-22.
22. Pauer-Studer, Herlinde. "Kelsen’s Legal Positivism and the Challenge of Nazi Law." In European Philosophy of Science – Philosophy of Science in Europe and the Viennese Heritage, Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook Volume 17. Edited by Maria Carla Galavotti, Elisabeth Nemeth, and Friedrich Stadler. New York: Springer, 2014. 223-240.
23. Schmitt, Carl. The Concept of the Political. Translated by George Schwab. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
24. Schmitt, Carl. Constitutional Theory. Translated by Jeffrey Seitzer. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.
25. Stolleis, Michael. "Judicial Review, Administrative Review, and Constitutional Review in the Weimar Republic." Ratio Juris 16, no. 2 (2003): 266-80.
26. Stone, Alec. "The Birth and Development of Abstract Review: Constitutional Courts and Policymaking in Western Europe." Policy Studies Journal 19, no. 1 (1990): 81-95.
27. Stone, Alec. The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
28. Stone Sweet, Alec. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
29. Stone Sweet, Alec. "Constitutions and Judicial Power." In Comparative Politics. Edited by Daniele Caramani. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 163-180.
30. Stone Sweet, Alec. "Constitutional Courts." In The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Edited by Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 818-829.
31. Urbinati, Nadia, and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. "Editors’ Introduction." In The Essence and Value of Democracy. Edited by Nadia Urbinati and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. 1-24.
2. Baldwin, Thomas. "Philosophy and the First World War." In The Cambridge History of Philosophy 1870-1945. Edited by Thomas Baldwin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 365-378.
3. Brewer-Carías, Allan R. Constitutional Courts as Positive Legislators: A Comparative Law Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
4. Brewer-Carías, Allan R. Judicial Review: Comparative Constitutional Law Essays, Lectures and Courses (1985-2011). Caracas: Fundación Derecho Público, 2014.
5. Cappelletti, Mauro. Judicial Review in the Contemporary World. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.
6. Comella, Víctor Ferreres. Constitutional Courts and Democratic Values: A European Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.
7. De Visser, Maartje. Constitutional Review in Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Portland: Hart Publishing, 2014.
8. Harding, Andrew, and Peter Leyland, eds. Constitutional Courts: A Comparative Study. London: Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing, 2009.
9. Kelsen, Hans. "Judicial Review of Legislation: A Comparative Study of the Austrian and the American Constitution." The Journal of Politics 4, no. 2 (1942): 183-200.
10. Kelsen, Hans. "Foundation of Democracy, Part 2." Ethics 66, no. 1 (1955): 1-101.
11. Kelsen, Hans. Pure Theory of Law. Translated by Max Knight. Berkley: University of California Press, 1970.
12. Kelsen, Hans. "Science and Politics." In What Is Justice?: Justice, Law, and Politics in the Mirrors of Science, Collected Essay by Hans Kelsen. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. 350-375.
13. Kelsen, Hans. Essays in Legal and Moral Philosophy. Translated by Peter Heath. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1973.
14. Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Norms. Translated by Michael Hartney. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
15. Kelsen, Hans. A New Science of Politics: Hans Kelsen’s Reply to Eric Voegelin’s “New Science of Politics": A Contribution to the Critique of Ideology, edited by Eckhart Arnold. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2004.
16. Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. With a New Introduction by A. Javier Treviño. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2006.
17. Kelsen, Hans.The Essence and Value of Democracy, edited by Nadia Urbinati and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013.
18. Kelsen, Hans. "Kelsen on the Nature and Development of Constitutional Adjudication, Translation of Hans Kelsen 'Wesen Und Entwicklung De Staatsgerichtsbarkeit’ in Hans R. Klecatsky; René Marcic; and Herbert Schambeck, Eds. Die Wiener Rechtstheoretische Schule. Schriften Von Hans Kelsen, Adolf Merkl, Alfred Verdross, 2 Vols. (Vienna: Verlag Österreich, 2010), Ii, 1485-513." In The Guardian of the Constitution: Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt on the Limits of Constitutional Law. Edited and translated by Lars Vinx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 22-78.
19. Kelsen, Hans. "Who Ought to Be the Guardian of the Constitution?, Translation of Hans Kelsen (1931) ‘Wer Soll Der Hüter Der Verfassung Sein?’ in Hans R. Klecatsky; René Marcic; and Herbert Schambeck, Eds. Die Wiener Rechtstheoretische Schule. Schriften Von Hans Kelsen, Adolf Merkl, Alfred Verdross, 2 Vols. (Vienna: Verlag Österreich, 2010), Ii, 1533-73." In The Guardian of the Constitution: Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt on the Limits of Constitutional Review. Edited and translated by Lars Vinx. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 174-221.
Langford, Peter, Ian Bryan, and John McGarry, eds. Kelsenian Legal Science and the Nature of Law. Dordrecht: Springer, 2017.
Morrison, Wayne. Jurisprudence: From the Greeks to Post-Modernism. London: Cavendish, 1997.
20. Neumann, Franz. "The Social Significance of the Basic Laws in the Weimar Constitution." In Social Democracy and the Rule of Law: Otto Kirchheimer and Franz Neumann. Edited by Keith Tribe. London: Aleen & Unwin, 1987. 24-73.
21. Öhlinger, Theo. "The Genesis of the Austrian Model of Constitutional Review of Legislation." Ratio Juris 16, no. 2 (2003): 206-22.
22. Pauer-Studer, Herlinde. "Kelsen’s Legal Positivism and the Challenge of Nazi Law." In European Philosophy of Science – Philosophy of Science in Europe and the Viennese Heritage, Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook Volume 17. Edited by Maria Carla Galavotti, Elisabeth Nemeth, and Friedrich Stadler. New York: Springer, 2014. 223-240.
23. Schmitt, Carl. The Concept of the Political. Translated by George Schwab. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
24. Schmitt, Carl. Constitutional Theory. Translated by Jeffrey Seitzer. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.
25. Stolleis, Michael. "Judicial Review, Administrative Review, and Constitutional Review in the Weimar Republic." Ratio Juris 16, no. 2 (2003): 266-80.
26. Stone, Alec. "The Birth and Development of Abstract Review: Constitutional Courts and Policymaking in Western Europe." Policy Studies Journal 19, no. 1 (1990): 81-95.
27. Stone, Alec. The Birth of Judicial Politics in France: The Constitutional Council in Comparative Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
28. Stone Sweet, Alec. Governing with Judges: Constitutional Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
29. Stone Sweet, Alec. "Constitutions and Judicial Power." In Comparative Politics. Edited by Daniele Caramani. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. 163-180.
30. Stone Sweet, Alec. "Constitutional Courts." In The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Edited by Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 818-829.
31. Urbinati, Nadia, and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. "Editors’ Introduction." In The Essence and Value of Democracy. Edited by Nadia Urbinati and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. 1-24.