Netizens at Odds with the Education Department: Analysis of Impoliteness Strategies on an Online Platform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57260/rcmrj.2023.264796Keywords:
Impoliteness strategies, Philippine education department, Online comments, Learning delivery modalities, PandemicAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the Philippines, along with other nations, to restructure its educational framework to meet the evolving needs and challenges of the time. Consequently, this reorganization has led to changes in the learning delivery modalities (LDMs). The Philippine Department of Education (DepEd) has faced significant criticism on social media regarding issues related to preparation, flawed materials, and implementation. By employing a pragmatic analysis approach based on Culpeper's theory of impoliteness strategies, this study examines fifty Facebook comments criticizing the said department and its new LDMs. The findings reveal that critics employed various impoliteness strategies, including bald-on-record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, off-record impoliteness, withhold politeness, and impoliteness meta-strategy. The study's outcomes suggest that analyzing impoliteness strategies in online comments can provide insights into how such remarks serve as social actions. Researchers working with these textual forms, as well as those specializing in the study of genres and languages, can benefit from the findings of this study. The implications of the findings are discussed for policymakers, educators, and students within the Philippine education system.
References
Adonis, M. (2020). Errors found in DepEd learning modules, TV lesson. Inquirer.Net. Retrived from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1346930/errors-found-in-modules-tv
Ardila, J. G. (2019). Impoliteness as a rhetorical strategy in Spain's politics. Journal of Pragmatics, 140, 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.11.017
Arora, A., Bansal, S., Kandpal, C., Aswani, R., & Dwivedi, Y. (2020). Measuring social media influencer index-insights from Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 49(1), 86-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.03.012
Bousfield, D. (2008). Impoliteness in interaction (Vol. 167). Benjamins.
Bousfield, D., & McIntyre, D. (2018). Creative linguistic impoliteness as aggression in Stanley Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket. Journal of Literary Semantics, 47(1), 43-65. DOI:10.1515/jls-2018-0003
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. SAGE Publication.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S.C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage (Vol. 4). Cambridge university press.
Camp, E. (2018). Insinuation, Common Ground, and the Conversational Record. In D. Fogal, D.W. Harris, & M. Moss (Eds.), New Work on Speech Acts (pp. 40-60). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0002
Chen, G. M., & Lu, S. (2017). Online political discourse: Exploring differences in effects of civil and uncivil disagreement in news website comments. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 61(1), 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2016.1273922
Chung, E., & Tang, E. (2022). Understanding politeness in an online community of practice for Chinese ESL teachers: Implications for sustainable professional development in the digital era. Sustainability, 14, 11183. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811183
Culpeper, J. (1996). Impoliteness revisited: With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects. Journal of pragmatics, 35(10-11), 1545-1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00118-2
Culpeper, J. (2005). Impoliteness and entertainment in the television quiz show: The Weakest Link. Journal of Politeness Research: Language, Behaviour, Culture, 1, 35-72. DOI:10.1515/jplr.2005.1.1.35
Culpeper, J., & Hardaker, C. (2015). Impoliteness. In J. Culpeper, M. Haugh, & D. Kadar (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of linguistic (im)politeness (pp. 199-225). Palgrave Macmillan.
DeAngelis, C., (2020, April 30). The coronavirus pandemic’s impact on education and the defenders of the status quo. Reason Foundation. Retrived from https://reason.org/commentary/the-coronavirus-pandemics-impact-on-education-and-the-defenders-of-the-status-quo/
Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N., & Cook, P. (2020). Parents’ experiences with remote education during COVID-19 school closures. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(3), 45-65. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8471
Haugh, M. (2017) Teasing. In S. Attardo (Ed.), Handbook of language and humour (pp. 204-218). Routledge.
Holmes, J., Marra, M., & Schnurr, S. (2008). Impoliteness and ethnicity: Māori and Pākehā discourse in New Zealand workplaces. Journal of Politeness Research, 4(2), 193-219. https://doi.org/10.1515/JPLR.2008.010
Huang, L., Gino, F., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015). The highest form of intelligence: Sarcasm increases creativity for both expressers and recipients. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 131, 162-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.07.001
Kamalu, I., & Fasasi, K. (2018). Impoliteness and face-threatening acts as conversational strategies among undergraduates of state universities in southwest Nigeria. Language Matters, 49(2), 23-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2018.1467478
Kapasia, N., Paul, P., Roy, A., Saha, J., Zaveri, A., Mallick, R., Barman, B., Das, P., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Impact of lockdown on learning status of undergraduate and postgraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal, India. Children and Youth Services Review, 116(1), 105194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105194
Karttunen, L. (2016). Presupposition: what went wrong? Proceedings of SALT, 26(1), 705–731. https://doi.org/10.3765/salt.v26i0.3954
Kopecky, K., & Szotkowski, R. (2017). Cyberbullying, cyber aggression and their impact on the victim–The teacher. Telematics and Informatics, 34(2), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.08.014
Lalu, G. P. (2020). Briones says students’ badmouthing of her proves the need to continue classes. Inquirer.Net. Retrived from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1345902/briones-says-students-badmouthing-of-her-proves-the-need-to-continue-classes
Lim, J. S. (2017). How a paracrisis situation is instigated by an online firestorm and visual mockery. Computers in Human Behaviors, 67(1), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.032
Magnifico, C., & Defrancq, B. (2016). Translation and Interpreting, 8(2), 26- 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12807/ti.108202.2016.a03
Magsambol, B. (2020). 30 errors found in DepEd’s learning modules. Rappler. Retrived from https://www.rappler.com/nation/errors-identified-deped-learning-modules-distance-learning/
Malipot, M. H. (2020). DepEd apologizes for new error in TV lesson. Manila Bulletin. Retrived from https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/07/deped-apologizes-for-new-error-in-tv-lesson/
Mohammed, H., & Abbas, N. (2015). Pragmatics of impoliteness and rudeness. American International Journal of Social Science, 4(6), 195- 205. https://www.aijssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_6_December_2015/24.pdf
Mollin, S. (2018). The use of face-threatening acts in the construction of in- and out-group identities in British parliamentary debates. In B. Bos, S. Kleinke, S. Mollin, and N. Hernandez (Eds.), The Discursive construction of identities on- and offline: Personal- group- collective (pp. 205-226). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.78.09mol
Papi, M. B. (2014). The pragmatics of insinuation. Intercultural Pragmatics, 11(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0001
Polyzou, A. (2015). Presupposition in discourse. Critical Discourse Studies, 12(2), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2014.991796
Rajadesingan, A., Zafarani, R., & Liu, H. (2015, February). Sarcasm detection on Twitter: A behavioral modeling approach. In Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on web search and data mining (pp. 97-106). https://doi.org/10.1145/2684822.2685316
Ranalan, R. (2020). Linguistic politeness in online discussion boards: Animé fandom as virtual speech communities. Linguistics and the Human Sciences, 14(2), 99-122. https://doi.org/10.1558/lhs.34949
Reimers, F., Schleicher, A., Saavedra, J., & Tuominen, S. (2020). Supporting the continuation of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1(1), 1-38. https://www.oecd.org/education/Supporting-the-continuation-of-teaching-and-learning-during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf
Savage, B. M., Lujan, H. L., Thipparthi, R. R., & DiCarlo, S. E. (2017). Humor, laughter, learning, and health! A brief review. Advances in physiology education. 41, 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00030.2017
Scarantino, A. (2017). How to do things with emotional expressions: The theory of affective pragmatics. Psychological Inquiry, 28(2-3), 165-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2017.1328951
Sharif, T., Noor, M., & Omar, S. (2019). Politeness in online communication: Retailer-client interaction. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(2), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7226
Taylor, C. (2016). The language animal. Harvard University Press.
Thielemann, N. & Kosta, P. (2013). Approaches to Slavic interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Trotzke, A., Bidese, E., & Moroni, M. C. (2020). German discourse particles in the second language classroom: Teasing apart learning problems at the syntax-pragmatics interface. Pedagogical Linguistics, 1(2), 184-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pl.20008.tro
Wiegand, M., Ruppenhofer, J., Schmidt, A., & Greenberg, C. (2018). Inducing a lexicon of abusive words – a feature-based approach. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers), pages 1046–1056, New Orleans, Louisiana. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Zeff, B. (2016). The pragmatics of greetings: teaching speech acts in the EFL classroom. English Teaching Forum, 54(1), 2-11. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1094818.pdf
Zhang, Q. (2022). Politeness in online educational discourse: Exploring relational work strategies in online teacher-student interactions. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 10(7), 245-261. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2022.107021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rajabhat Chiang Mai Research Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
1. Articles, information, content, images, etc. that are published in "Chiang Mai Rajabhat Research Journal" is the copyright of Chiang Mai Rajabhat Research Journal. Chiang Mai Rajabhat University. If any person or organization wants to distribute all or any part of it or do any action Must have written permission from the Chiang Mai Rajabhat Research Journal, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University.
2. Content of articles appearing in the journal is the responsibility of the author of the article. The journal editor is not required to agree or take any responsibility.
