Secondary School Students’ Perceptions about Parent-School Partnership in District Swabi, Pakistan

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57260/csdj.2025.283894

Keywords:

Students’ perception, Parent-School partnership, Secondary schools, Parent teacher counsels, Swabi pakistan

Abstract

The study investigates secondary school students’ perceptions about parent school partnership in District Swabi.Convenient sampling technique was utilized to obtained information from 90 secondary schools students of class 8th, 9th and 10th. Data was analyzed through univariate analysis by frequencies and percentages distributions. The findings indicate that the parent-school partnership is largely reactive rather than proactive. Specifically, two primary patterns emerged: 1) Reactive measures are prevalent. A majority (66.60%) of respondents agreed that teachers send home folders of students’ weekly or monthly work for parental review and comments, and 55.50% responded that teachers contact families of students having academic or behavior problems. 2) Proactive measures are lacking: A majority of students reported schools do not provide sufficient information for parents on child development (54.40% No), arrange workshops for parents (52.20% No), or produce information linked to children’s success (55.50% No). Furthermore, an overwhelming majority (77.7% No) reported the school does not have an active Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) or similar formal council. The major recommendations focus on the revival and establishment of formal parent-teacher councils, arranging capacity-building programs for parents, and involving parents in school planning and decisions.This study fills a gap by providing context-specific, student-voice evidence from a developing region where parent–school partnership practices often lag global “family engagement” paradigms. It also pinpoints that work review and problem-triggered contact are present, while parent learning opportunities and structured councils are missing, offering a practical baseline for upgrading partnership frameworks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, U. (2024). Navigating digital era challenges: Resilience among educators in Sindh (Pakistan). Journal of Asian Development Studies, 13(3), 1059-1067. https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.3.86

Al-Obaydi, L. H., Jawad, Z. A., & Rahman, F. (2022). Class-home connection using communication technology and its impact on anxiety reduction and academic performance. Al-Adab Journal, 141(141), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i141.3615

Amerol-Basmayor, A. (2025). Parental involvement on learners’ behavior in the classroom. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 33(3), 366-390. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.330308

Ashfaq, S., Malik, S., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Perception of primary school teachers about parental support in students’ academic performance. Journal of Social Research Development, 5(2), 323-339. https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/05-02-2024-27-323-339

Babbie, E. (1989). The practice of social research. (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Bailey, L., Silvern, S., Brabham, E. G., & Ross, M. (2004). The effects of interactive reading homework and parent involvement on children's inference responses. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(3), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ECEJ.0000048969.91442.36

Batool, F., Malik, S., & Jumani, N. B. (2023). Notions for improved professional development of prospective teachers: Effective collaboration among stakeholders to develop conceptual framework for university–school partnership. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(6), 675–690. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2214130

Batool, S., Ansari, M., Akhtar, S., & Ismaeel, G. (2023). Driving excellence: The role of parental engagement in shaping student success in secondary schools. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(3), 2303-2312. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i3.2400

Bentayao, E. J., & Quibod, M. M. (2024). Exploring parental participation in the school improvement plan. International Journal of Research Publications, 150(1), 593-602. https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp1001501620246725

Boruah, B., Phogat, P., & Singh, A. (2024). ‘A qualitative exploration of parent-teacher meetings in Indian schools: assessing stakeholder engagement and systemic efficacy’. Education 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2024.2424260

Candel, J. L. G., & Escote, M. J. V. (2024). A correlational study on parental support and academic performance. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 11, 362-375. https://doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.907033

Castro, M., Expósito, C. P., & González, C. G. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effect of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement. Journal of Learning for Development, 7(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v7i3.417

Çelik, O. (2024). Academic motivation in adolescents: The role of parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction and self-control. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1384695. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384695

Chen, Y. (2024). The effect of home-school cooperation on adolescents’ academic achievement. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 29, 85-92. https://doi.org/10.54097/r4pjrs40

Davies, D. (1987). Parental involvement in public schools: Opportunities for administrators. Education and Urban Society, 19(2), 147–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124587019002003

Epstein, J. L. (1995). School/family/community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701–712. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20405419

Epstein, J. L. (2018). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools. (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494673

Gest, S. D., Freeman, N. R., Domitrovich, C. E., & Welsh, J. A. (2004). Shared book reading and children’s language comprehension skills: The moderating role of parental discipline practices. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 19(3), 319–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2004.04.007

Haynes, S. N., Richard, D., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238

Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children’s education? Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543067001003

Hwang, S. H. J., Kieffer, M. J., & Cappella, E. (2024). The role of supportive relationships in academic performance and personal wellbeing: Results from a U.S. national sample of early adolescents. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2024.101721

Jiang, Q., Shi, L., Zheng, D., & Mao, W. (2023). Parental homework involvement and students' mathematics achievement: a meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1218534. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1218534

Jónsdóttir, K. (2020). Desirable parental participation in activities in compulsory schools. Barn: Nordic Journal of Child Research, 31(4), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.5324/barn.v31i4.3747

Mahrianti, M., Hadi, S., & Saleh, M. (2022). Parental involvement in schools: A multi-site study at Kuin Utara 4 and Sungai Jingah 4 Elementary Schools in Banjarmasin. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, 5(12), 5967-5976. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i12-84

Mann, G., & Gilmore, L. (2021). Barriers to positive parent-teacher partnerships: the views of parents and teachers in an inclusive education context. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 27(14), 1503-1515. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2021.1900426

Marasigan-Pagkalinawan, S., & Cordova, W. (2024). Parental involvement and support of selected parents for children with special needs: A case study. Diversitas Journal, 9(1),377-391. https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9i1_special.2956

Mbogo, P. M. (2021). Effects of interactive homework assignments on parental involvement in homework and public primary schools’ English learning in Tanzania. Journal of Issues and Practice in Education, 12(1), 76-89. https://doi.org/10.61538/jipe.v12i1.910

Muslim, M., Chang, U., Rifat, A., Khan, M., & Jabeen, F. (2025). Teaching ESL in rural Sindh: An investigation of challenges and disparities in selected public schools at secondary level. Journal of Arts and Linguistics Studies, 3(1), 325-353. https://doi.org/10.71281/jals.v3i1.226

Naz, S., Raheem, M. A., Sabeen, S., & Gilani, R. (2024). Parents’ involvement versus children’s academic achievement: A correlational study of secondary school level in Dera Ghazi Khan. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(2), 126-133. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-ii)13

Ngurah, Y. (2024). Parental and social environment support: Key determinants of learning motivation and achievement in elementary school physical education. International Journal of Elementary Education, 8(3), 472-479. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v8i3.85827

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Rowe, K. (1991). The influence of reading activity at home on students’ attitudes towards reading. Reading Research and Instruction, 31(2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388079109558076

Singh, K., Bickley, P. G., Trivette, P., Keith, T. Z., Keith, P. B., & Anderson, E. (1995). The effects of four components of parental involvement on eighth-grade student achievement: Structural analysis of NELS-88 data. School Psychology Review, 24(2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.1995.12085769

Stojanovska, V. (2024). Parental involvement: Why it is important and how to involve parents in schools? Teacher. International Journal of Education Teacher, 27, 79-83. https://doi.org/10.20544/teacher.27.09

Tamim, T., Gauthier, L., Ansari, H., & Ifikhar, F. (2023). Working in partnership in Pakistan: Lessons from launching a pedagogical partnership program. International Journal for Students as Partners, 7(1), 172-182. https://doi.org/10.15173/ijsap.v7i1.5177

Ullah, A., & Kiazai, A. N. (2022). Impact of parental involvement on academic performance of students at secondary level in Quetta District. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 6(2), 758–772. https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2022(6-II)65

UNESCO. (2022). Global education monitoring report 2022: Gender report. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382419

Wang, B. (2022). Analysis of parent involvement in homework. BCP Social Sciences & Humanities, 17, 26-30. https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.612

Werang, B. R., Agung, A., Jampel, I., Gading, I., Jim, E. L., Asaloei, S., & Sianturi, M. (2024). Exploring the simultaneous impact of parental support, school environment, teacher morale, and student learning motivation on student academic performance. International Journal of Religion, 5(2), 510-520. https://doi.org/10.61707/125w8p12

Williams-Johnson, M. R., & Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R. (2022). Parental role construction leading to parental involvement in culturally distinct communities. Educational Psychologist, 57(4), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2131554

Downloads

Published

2025-12-08

How to Cite

Khan, N., & Huang, R. (2025). Secondary School Students’ Perceptions about Parent-School Partnership in District Swabi, Pakistan. Community and Social Development Journal, 26(3), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.57260/csdj.2025.283894

Issue

Section

บทความวิจัย (RESEARCH ARTICLE)

Categories