เมตาเวิร์สและผลกระทบต่อห่วงโซ่อุปทาน

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บุญเลิศ วงศ์เจริญแสงสิริ

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ความสนใจในเมตาเวิร์สเติบโตขึ้นอย่างกว้างขวางทั่วโลก หน่วยงานยักษ์ใหญ่ระดับโลกทั้งภาครัฐและเอกชน ให้ความสำคัญต่อการวิจัยและพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีที่จะใช้เป็นพื้นฐานในการสร้างเมตาเวิร์สในอนาคต เพื่อนำไปสู่การใช้งานได้จริงทั้งในเชิงสาธารณะประโยชน์และในเชิงพาณิชย์ เมตาเวิร์สถูกมองว่าเป็นวิวัฒนาการถัดไปของอินเทอร์เน็ต ทั้งในการพัฒนาการด้าน 3 มิติ ที่ช่วยสร้างประสบการณ์ที่ดื่มด่ำและเสมือนจริงต่อผู้ใช้งานและในพัฒนาการด้าน Web 3.0 ซึ่งเป็นการกระจายศูนย์การควบคุมข้อมูล และสินทรัพย์บนโลกดิจิทัล ทั้งนี้หากเมตาเวิร์สทำงานร่วมกับเทคโนโลยีล้ำสมัยอื่น ๆ เช่น บล็อกเชน IOT ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ Digital Twin หรือ 5G เป็นต้น จะช่วยส่งเสริมให้กิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ในเมตาเวิร์สมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น ในการทบทวนวรรณกรรมพบการศึกษาการใช้ประโยชน์เมตาเวิร์สในหลายอุตสาหกรรม เช่น เกมมิ่ง การศึกษา การแพทย์สุขภาพ การค้าปลีกและการท่องเที่ยว เป็นต้น แต่ยังพบถึงการศึกษาการใช้ประโยชน์เมตาเวิร์สในโซ่อุปทานของธุรกิจไม่มาก บทความนี้ทบทวนและศึกษาเมตาเวิร์สในเชิงแนวคิด เทคโนโลยีพื้นฐานของเมตาเวิร์ส คุณลักษณะสำคัญของเมตาเวิร์สเทคโนโลยีสำคัญอื่น ๆ ที่ใช้ร่วมกันเพื่อเสริมศักยภาพของเมตาเวิร์สให้ทำงานได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพโดยรอบด้านและศึกษาถึงการใช้เมตาเวิร์สให้เป็นประโยชน์ต่อห่วงโซ่อุปทาน ทั้งในมุมของแต่ละกิจกรรม ได้แก่ การจัดซื้อจัดหา การผลิต คลังสินค้า และการขนส่งและกระจายสินค้า และในมุมผลกระทบต่อห่วงโซ่อุปทานโดยภาพรวม

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