Components and Indicators of Effective Schools in the New Normal Era under the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13

Abstract

The objectives of this research were 1) to examine the components and indicators of effective schools in the new normal era, under the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13, and 2) to verify the concurrent validity of the components and indicators of effective schools in the new normal era under the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13. The research was conducted by synthesizing documents and hosting group discussions with qualified individuals associated with school performance to identify the components and indicators of school effectiveness in the new normal era. These components and indicators were utilized to construct a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, which was validated by experts with a total reliability score of 0.968. This tool was then applied to a sample of 450 schools under the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13 for the 2022 academic year, obtained from the stratified random sampling technique in each of the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13. Each school provided a single respondent, either the school director or the acting director. The collected data were then analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, with variables grouped using the Principal Component Analysis method and Orthogonal Rotation method. The derived indicators were used to develop a data collection tool for a known group, including school administrators from schools that had been assessed by the Office for National Education Standards and Quality Assessment (ONESQA) in the fourth round, and/or school administrators from international standard schools, and/or quality local schools, and/or school administrators from schools that received management awards from 2020 to the present, such as Royal Award, OBEC awards, totaling 40 people. The data was analyzed by calculating the mean according to the criterion-based interpretation at a high level ( = 3.51) and employing the t-test to examine concurrent validity. The research results showed that the components and indicators of effective schools in the new normal era, under the Primary Educational Service Area Office in the Cluster 13, consisted of 7 components and 33 indicators. After testing these indicators with the known group, it was found that all indicators were statistically significant, thereby affirming the concurrent validity of all 33 indicators.