A Comparative Study of Chinese Idioms in the Vocabulary and Chinese Character Grading Syllabus, New Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK1-6) Syllabus, and Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards
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Abstract
The purposes of this study were to 1) compare and investigate the number of Chinese idioms existing in the Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Grading Syllabuses, New Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK1-6) Syllabus, and Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards and 2) study the prominent characteristics of the idioms existing in the Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Syllabuses, New Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK1-6) Syllabus, and Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards. This study employed the document research method. Data were gathered from three main sources including Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Grading Syllabus, New Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK1-6) Syllabus, and Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education
The results revealed that the number of Chinese idioms existing in the three selected books ranked from high to low was as follows: Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (353 idioms), New Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK1-6) Syllabus (135 idioms), and Vocabulary and Chinese Characters Grading Syllabuses (113 idioms). The researchers assumed that a high number of idioms in the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education may result from an attempt to build up a large vocabulary bank to meet the standards of the Chinese proficiency test. Furthermore, it was found that there were 42 Chinese idioms which existed in all three books. This reflected the necessity to learn idioms which might be frequently found when having conversations with the native speakers. So, learners should learn the meanings and usage of those idioms. Considering the prominent characteristics of these 42 idioms, the analysis showed that the tonal symmetry, sematic symmetry, and the emotional meaning of the idioms found were relevant to the results of the studies on Chinese idioms conducted in China. This showed that if learners could master 42 idioms, they would gain more knowledge and understanding about the prominent characteristics of Chinese idioms. When it comes to the relationship between the idioms and the quantitative indicator for the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards, it was found that the syllable and level of most Chinese words found did not exceed level 6, and only a few were in level 7 – 9. In addition, some Chinese characters including “以” “所” “而” also existed in the grammar tables. The results from this present study could be used as guidelines for the design of teaching materials or integrated with the teaching of Chinese idioms such as using prominent characteristics of Chinese idioms in the observation of Chinese idioms as well as a compilation of idioms using the Chinese characters appearing in the formation of the 42 idioms found.
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