HIGH PRESSURE FOOD PROCESSING: AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE FOOD ADDITIVES USED IN PROCESSED MEAT PRODUCTS

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Nattaporn Chotyakul
Nutdanai Boonnoon

บทคัดย่อ

          Consumer behavior has changed dramatically nowadays that ready-to-eat foods are particularly popular choice than fresh or unprocessed foods. Therefore, food industries are growing rapidly to serve in variety of different choices to consumers, especially processed meats such as sausage, ham, bologna known as cured meats which is normally classified in a group of low-acid food and easily spoiled by microbial contamination. To control microbial growths in processed meats, food additives are most frequency added in forms of nitrite and nitrate. Consuming over the legal limit of nitrite and nitrate for 125 and 500 mg/kg, respectively can become a health risk or even death. Therefore, a technology of High Pressure Processing (HPP) is helped to inactivate microorganisms and stabilizes their growth during storage which reduces the need of food additives in processed meats. However, production cost is directly proportional to the level of pressure and time applied. Thus, a practical guidance to industrial pressure conditions affecting spoilage microorganisms in meat to extend the shelf life are in the range of 400-700 MPa combined with low to moderate temperature at 0-70 °C for 1-10 minutes. The potential benefits of HPP are maintaining product characteristics including color, flavor and texture.

 

          พฤติกรรมของผู้บริโภคอาหารในปัจจุบันมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงไปมาก โดยอาหารพร้อมรับประทานได้รับความนิยมมากกว่าอาหารสดหรืออาหารที่ผ่านการแปรรูปต่ำ ทำให้อุตสาหกรรมอาหารในปัจจุบันได้เติบโตอย่างรวดเร็วเพื่อตอบสนองความต้องการที่หลากหลายของผู้บริโภคโดยเฉพาะเทคโนโลยีแปรรูปอาหารประเภทเนื้อสัตว์ เช่น ไส้กรอก แฮม โบโลน่า ซึ่งจัดอยู่ในกลุ่มผลิตภัณฑ์แปรรูปประเภทเนื้อหมักที่มีความเป็นกรดต่ำจึงเกิดการเสื่อมเสียจากจุลินทรีย์ได้ง่าย ผลิตภัณฑ์แปรรูปกลุ่มนี้จึงต้องใส่วัตถุกันเสีย เช่น ไนไตรท์และไนเตรท  โดยปริมาณที่กฎหมายกำหนดไม่เกิน 125 และ 500 มิลลิกรัม/กิโลกรัม ตามลำดับ เพื่อควบคุมการเจริญของจุลินทรีย์และยืดอายุการเก็บรักษา หากบริโภคเกินมาตรฐานที่กำหนดจะเป็นอันตรายต่อสุขภาพหรือเสียชีวิตได้ เทคโนโลยีความดันสูงจึงถูกนำมาประยุกต์ใช้ในเนื้อสัตว์แปรรูปเพื่อลดปริมาณการใช้วัตถุกันเสีย แต่เนื่องจากต้นทุนการผลิตแปรผันตามระดับความดันและเวลาที่ใช้ ดังนั้นในทางอุตสาหกรรมจึงใช้ความดันอยู่ในช่วง 400-600 เมกกะปาสคาล ร่วมกับความร้อนต่ำถึงปานกลางในช่วงอุณหภูมิ 0-70 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลา 1-10 นาที ซึ่งเพียงพอต่อการทำลายเชื้อจุลินทรีย์ที่ก่อให้เกิดการเน่าเสียเพื่อช่วยยืดอายุผลิตภัณฑ์ โดยที่ยังคงรักษาคุณภาพผลิตภัณฑ์ ทั้งในด้านสี กลิ่น รส และเนื้อสัมผัส 

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