CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY OF REMOTE WORKING DURING EMERGING INFECTIOUS DICEASES PANDEMIC
Keywords:
Remote Working, Self-Leadership, Work-Related Stress, Satisfaction on Remote Working, ProductivityAbstract
The objective of this article is to synthesize a conceptual framework on productivity in remote working for employees during the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) pandemic using the Job Demands – Resources (JD-R) model for the synthesis of relevant theories and research, to develop a comprehensive framework that comprises four key elements: remote working, self-leadership, work-related stress, and remote working satisfaction. These factors are intended to facilitate employee productivity while working remotely during the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) pandemic.
References
Ali, M., and Aroosiya, M. (2014). Impact of job design on employees’ performance (with special reference to school teachers in the Kalmunai Zone). Journal of Management, 8(1), 33-41.
Al-Omari, K., & Okasheh, H. (2017). The Influence of Work Environment on Job Performance: A Case Study of Engineering Company in Jordan. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(24), 15544-15550.
Andres, H. (2002). A comparison of face‐to‐face and virtual software development teams. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 8(1/2), 39-48. doi: 10.1108/13527590210425077
Azarbouyeh, A. and Jalali Naini, S.G. (2014). A study on the effect of teleworking on quality of work life. Management Science Letters, 4(6), pp. 1063–1068. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.5.027.
Bakker AB, Demerouti E. (2007). Job demands–resources theory: taking stock and looking forward. J Occup Health Psychol. 22, 273–285.
Baruch, Y. (2000). Teleworking: Benefits and pitfalls as perceived by professionals and managers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 15(1), 34–49.
Beauregard, T. A., Basile, K.A. and Canónico, E. (2019). Telework: outcomes and facilitators for employees. In: Landers, R.N. (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Technology and Employee Behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 511-543.
Brynjolfsson, E., Horton, J. J., Ozimek, A. , Rock, D., Sharma, and Tu Ye, H. Y. (2020). COVID-19 and remote work: An early look at US data. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Chen, J. (2012). The role of job design and mechanism in motivating feedback-seeking behavior in transportation service. The Service Industries Journal, 32(13), 2047-2057.
Contreras, F., Baykal, E. and Abid, G. (2020). E-leadership and teleworking in times of covid-19 and beyond: What we know and where do we go. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590271.
CSSE. JHU, (2021). COVID-19 Content Portal by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). Retrieved April 2021 from: https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov/
DeCenzo, D., Robbins, S., and Verhulst, S. (2010). Fundamentals of human resource management (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Ellis, T.S. and Webster, R.L. (1998). Is managers' innovation toward telecommuting: A structural equation model. Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System 4: 161–68. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1998.655271.
Fabeil, Noor Fzlinda, Pazim, Khairul Hanim, and Langgat, Juliana. (2020), The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic Crisis on Micro-Enterprises: Entrepreneurs’Perspective on Business Continuity and Recovery Strategy. In: Journal of Economics and Business, Vol.3, No.2, 837-844.
Fisher, G.G., Bulger, C.A. and Smith, C.S. (2009). Beyond work and family: A measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), pp. 441–456. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016737.
Gajendran, R. S., and Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524-41.
Galanti, T., Guidetti, G., Mazzei, E., Zappalà, S. and Toscano, F. (2021). Work From Home During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 63(7), pp.e 426-e432.
Golden, T. D., Veiga, J. F., and Simsek, Z. (2006). Telecommuting’s differential impact on work-family conflict: Is there no place like home?. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1340-50.
Goode, W.J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25,483-496.
Hayes, S.W., Priestley, J.L., Moore, B.A., and Ray, H.E. (2021). Perceived stress, work-related burnout, and working from home before and during COVID-19: An examination of workers in the United States. SAGE Open, 11(4), p. 215824402110581. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211058193.
Hertel, G., Geister, S., and Konradt, U. (2005). Managing virtual teams: A review of current empirical research. Human Resource Management Review, 15(1), 69-95. doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2005.01.002
Hill, E. J., Ferris, M., and Martinson, V. (2003). Does it matter where you work? A comparison of how three work venues (traditional office, virtual office, and home office) influence aspects of work and personal/family life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 220-41.
Ho, J., and Nesbit, P. L. (2014). Self-leadership in a Chinese context: Work outcomes and the moderating role of job autonomy. Group & Organization Management, 39(4), 389–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114539389
Intarachot, N. (2019). A Sudy a Job Satisfaction of Employees Public Company Limited, Sukhumvit Area. Retrieved June 10, 2023, from https://mmm.ru.ac.th/MMWIS/sun17/6014993145.pdf
Irawanto, D., Novianti, K. and Roz, K. (2021). Work from home: Measuring satisfaction between work–life balance and work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Economies, 9(3), p. 96. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030096.
Johnson, L.C., Andrey, J. and Shaw, S.M. (2007). Mr. Dithers comes to dinner: Telework and the merging of women's work and Home Domains in Canada. Gender, Place & Culture, 14(2), pp. 141–161. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690701213701.
Kazekami, S. (2020). Mechanisms to improve labor productivity by performing telework. Telecommunications Policy, 44(2), p. 101868. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2019.101868.
Kurland, N., and Cooper, C. (2002). Manager control and employee isolation in telecommuting environments. The Journal Of High Technology Management Research, 13(1), 107-126. doi: 10.1016/s1047-8310(01)00051-7
Lapierre, L. M., Steenbergen, E. F., Peeters, M. C., and Kluwer, E. S. (2016). Juggling work and family responsibilities when involuntarily working more from home: A multiwave study of financial sales professionals. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(6), 804-22.
Lavelle, J. (2020). Gartner CFO survey reveals 74% intend to shift some employees to remote work permanently. Retrieved July 2021, from https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-04-03-gartner-cfo-survey-reveals-74-percent-of-orgs-to-shi ft-some-employees-to-remote-work-permanently
LeanIn.org and Survey Monkey. (2020). Women's well-being and workload during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrieved April 2021, from: https://leanin.org/article/womens-workload-and-burnout
Lucas, S. (2020). TH Post-Covid19 World: 4 ways HR will look different in the “New Normal”. HRACUITY Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering, (2021).
Marshall, G., Michaels, C., and Mulki, J. (2007). Workplace isolation: Exploring the construct and its measurement. Psychology And Marketing, 24(3), 195-223. doi:10.1002/mar.20158
Martínez‐Sánchez, A., Pérez‐Pérez, M., José Vela‐Jiménez, M., and de‐Luis‐Carnicer, P. (2008). Telework adoption, change management, and firm performance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 7-31. doi:10.1108/09534810810847011
Maslach, C., and Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15(2), 103-111.
Monideepa Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S, & Ragu-Nathan, T. S. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(1), pp. 301-328. doi:10.2753/mis0742-1222240109.
Neeley, T. (2020). The Pros and Cons of Remote Work: Is it Right for You?. Retrieved from June 10, 2021, Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/the-pros-and-cons-of-remote-work
Novianti, K. R. and Kenny R. (2020). Teleworking and Workload Balance on Job Satisfaction: Indonesian Public Sector Workers During Covid-19 Pandemic. APMBA (Asia Pacific Management and Business Application) 1: 8997.
Ozimek, A. (2020). The Future of Remote Work. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3638597
Petterson, S., Westfall, J., and Miller, B. (2020). Projected deaths of despair during the Coronavirus recession. Retrieved June 17, 2021, from Well Being Trust. https://wellbeingtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WBT_Deaths-of-Despair_COVID-19-FINAL-FINAL.pdf
Purwanto A., Asbari M., Fahlevi M., Mufidt A.,Agistiawatis E.,Cahyonos Y, and Suryani P., (2020). Impact of Work From Home (WFH) on Indonesian Teachers Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 6235 - 6244
Queen, D., and Harding, K. (2020). Societal pandemic burnout: A COVID legacy. International Wound Journal, 17(4), 873-874.
Raišienė, A.G. et al. (2020). Working from home—who is happy? A survey of Lithuania’s employees during the Covid-19 Quarantine Period. Sustainability, 12(13), p. 5332. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135332.
Smith, J., Johnson, M., and Brown, K. (2022). The Role of Self-Leadership in Remote Working: A Literature Review. Journal of Remote Work, 12(2), 45-62.
Sora, B., De Cuyper, N., Caballer, A., Peiro, J. M., and De Witte, H.(2013). Outcomes of job insecurity climate: The role of climate strength. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 62(3), 382-405.
Stamper, C. L., and Johlke, M. C. (2003). The impact of perceived organizational support on the relationship between boundary spanner role stress and work outcomes. Journal of Management, 29(4), 569-588.
Staples, D. (2001). A Study of Remote Workers and Their Differences from Non-Remote Workers. Journal Of Organizational and End User Computing, 13(2), 3-14. doi: 10.4018/joeuc.2001040101
Stich, J. (2020). A review of workplace stress in the virtual office. Intelligent Buildings International, 12(3), 208-220. doi: 10.1080/17508975.2020.1759023
Vischer, J. C. (2007). The effects of the physical environment on job performance: Towards a theoretical model of workspace stress. Stress and Health, 23(3), 175-184.
Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., and Parker, S. (2020). Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16-59. doi: 10.1111/apps.12290
WHO, (2020). Coronavirus Prevention. Retrieved April 2021 from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_2c
Xiao Y, Becerik-Gerber B, Lucas G, and Roll SC. (2021). Impacts of working from home during COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental well-being of office workstation users. J Occup Environ Med, 63:181–190.
Zhang, J. (2016). The Dark Side of Virtual Office and Job Satisfaction. International Journal Of Business And Management, 11(2), 40. doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v11n2p40
